Volume 18, Issue 1 (10-2024)                   IJOP 2024, 18(1): 75-84 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

keikha M. Determination of the Electro-Optic Coefficient of β BaB₂O₄ Crystal. IJOP 2024; 18 (1) :75-84
URL: http://ijop.ir/article-1-577-en.html
Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract:   (93 Views)
One of the most widely utilized physical properties in laser and photonic technologies is the electro-optic behavior of materials, characterized by their electro-optic coefficients. The electro-optic coefficient quantifies a material's ability to alter its optical properties in response to an applied electric field. When light passes through an electro-optic crystal subjected to an electric field, light modulation can be controlled with high speed and precision in accordance with the crystal’s electro-optic coefficient. This property facilitates applications such as light control, frequency conversion, and the generation and amplification of short laser pulses. In this study, the electro-optic coefficient of the nonlinear beta barium borate (β-BaB₂O₄) crystal is determined by applying quarter-wave and half-wave voltages in an intensity modulator setup. It will also be demonstrated that this configuration serves as an effective method for the precise measurement of half-wave and quarter-wave voltages in Pockels cells.
Full-Text [PDF 935 kb]   (43 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Nonlinear Optics
Received: 2025/03/8 | Revised: 2025/09/14 | Accepted: 2025/09/13 | Published: 2025/09/15

References
1. F.A. López, J.M. Cabrera, and F.A. Rueda, "Bulk Electrooptic Applications," in Electrooptics, F.A. López, J.M. Cabrera, and F.A. Rueda, Eds., Boston, MA: Academic Press, ch. 7, pp. 193-218, 1994. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-08-091632-3.50011-5]
2. R. Goldstein, "Pockels cell primer," Laser Focus, Vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 21-28, 1968.
3. R.A. Kumar, "Borate crystals for nonlinear optical and laser applications: A review," J. Chem., Vol. 2013, Article ID 154862, 2013. [DOI:10.1155/2013/154862]
4. M. Keikha, "Design and construction of Pockels cell driver to create adjustable delay with voltage in laser," M.S. thesis, Laser Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti Univ, Tehran, Iran, 2024.
5. A. Ashkin, C. Boyd, and T. Dziedzic, "Photorefractive effect in crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 9, pp. 72-80, 1966.
6. T.S.C. Chen, R. Li, Y. Wu, Z. Lin, Y. Mori, Z. Hu, J. Wang, S. Uda, M. Yoshimura, and Y. Kaneda, Nonlinear Optical Borate Crystals: Principles and Applications, New York, NY, USA: Springer, Ch. 6, pp. 343-376, 2012. [DOI:10.1002/9783527646388]
7. D.N. Nikogosyan, "Beta barium borate (BBO)," Appl. Phys. A, Vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 359 368, Jun. 1991. [DOI:10.1007/BF00323647]
8. C.T. Mueller, N.D. Duong, and P.M. Adams, "The electro-optic effect in beta barium borate," in Proc. LEOS Annu. Conf., 2-4 Nov. 1988, pp. 162-163. [DOI:10.1109/LEOS.1988.689795]
9. J. Salvestrini, M. Abarkan, and M. Fontana, "Comparative study of nonlinear crystals for electro-optic Q-switching of laser resonators," Opt. Mater., Vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 449-458, Sep. 2004. [DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2003.10.009]
10. F.M. Shimizu and J.A. Giacometti, "Measurement of the electro-optic coefficient during the photoelectric-field assisted poling using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer," Rev. Sci. Instrum., Vol. 87, no. 12, pp. 123-456. 2016. [DOI:10.1063/1.4969057] [PMID]
11. K. Onuki, N. Uchida, and T. Saku, "Interferometric method for measuring electro-optic coefficients in crystals," J. Opt. Soc. Am., Vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 1030-1032, Sep. 1972. [DOI:10.1364/JOSA.62.001030]
12. M. Jacques, F. Sandrine, S. Pierre, and G. Gregory, "Simultaneous determination of thermo- and electro-optic coefficients by Fabry-Pérot thermal scanning interferometry," in Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5252, pp. 423-430, 2004. [DOI:10.1117/12.513284]
13. C.A. Eldering, A. Knoesen, and S.T. Kowel, "Use of Fabry-Pérot devices for the characterization of polymeric electro‐optic films," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 3676 3686, 1991. [DOI:10.1063/1.348960]
14. H.Y. Zhang, X.H. He, Y.H. Shih, and S.H. Tang, "A new method for measuring the electro-optic coefficients with higher sensitivity and higher accuracy," Opt. Commun., Vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 509-512, Dec. 1991. [DOI:10.1016/0030-4018(91)90154-6]
15. P. Ney, A. Maillard, M.D. Fontana, and K. Polgár, "Accurate interferometric method for the measurement of electro-optic coefficients: application to a single β-barium borate crystal," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1158 1165, Jul. 2000. [DOI:10.1364/JOSAB.17.001158]
16. L. Yang, L. Jun, Z. Zhongxiang, B. Amar, and G. Ruyan, "Optical and electro-optic properties of potassium lithium tantalate niobate single crystals," in Proc. SPIE, Vol. 8120, pp. 81201(1-8), 2011. [DOI:10.1117/12.904988]
17. L. Jin, K. Nara, K. Takizawa, and E. Kondoh, "Dispersion measurement of the electro-optic coefficient r22 of the LiNbO3 crystal with Mueller matrix spectropolarimetry," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 078003(1-3), Jul. 2015. [DOI:10.7567/JJAP.54.078003]
18. A.V. Syuy and E.O. Kile, "Determination of electro-optic coefficients of lithium niobate crystal by polarization and interference methods," in Proc. SPIE, Vol. 10176, pp. 101761N(1-8), 2016. [DOI:10.1117/12.2268233]
19. M. Aillerie, N. Théofanous, and M. D. Fontana, "Measurement of the electro-optic coefficients: description and comparison of the experimental techniques," Appl. Phys. B, Vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 317-334, Mar. 2000. [DOI:10.1007/s003400050053]
20. B.E.A. Saleh and M.C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, Ch. 21, pp. 980-983, 2019.
21. V.G. Dmitriev, G.G. Gurzadyan, and D.N. Nikogosyan, Handbook of Nonlinear Optical Crystals. Berlin, Germany: Springer, pp. 96 102, 2013.
22. S. . Wemple and M. DiDomenico, "Electrooptical and nonlinear optical properties of crystals," Appl. Solid State Sci., Vol. 3, pp. 367-369, 1972. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-002903-7.50011-4]
23. C.A. Ebbers, "Linear electro‐optic effect in β‐BaB₂O₄," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 52, no. 23, pp. 1948-1949, 1988. [DOI:10.1063/1.99585]
24. M. Abarkan, J.P. Salvestrini, M.D. Fontana, and M. Aillerie, "Frequency and wavelength dependences of electro-optic coefficients in inorganic crystals," Appl. Phys. B, Vol. 76, pp. 1-7, 2003. [DOI:10.1007/s00340-003-1196-5]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2025 CC BY-NC 4.0 | International Journal of Optics and Photonics

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb